Preheat the oven to 400°F. Place salmon filets in a shallow dish and set aside.
Make the teriyaki sauce by whisking together soy sauce, apple cider vinegar, sesame oil, honey, garlic, ginger, and green onions until well combined and the honey has dissolved.
Pour ⅓ cup of the teriyaki sauce over the salmon filets, reserving the remaining sauce.
Line a rimmed baking sheet with foil and place the salmon on the sheet, skin-side down. Discard any leftover marinade.
Bake for 10 minutes, then switch the oven to broil and cook for an additional 2–3 minutes, until the salmon is slightly caramelized on top.
While the salmon cooks, pour the remaining sauce into a small saucepan and bring to a simmer over medium-high heat.
In a small bowl, whisk together cornstarch and warm water until smooth.
Slowly whisk the cornstarch slurry into the simmering sauce. Continue cooking for 3–4 minutes, stirring occasionally, until thickened.
To serve, divide rice among bowls. Top with salmon, cucumber, carrots, edamame, and avocado.
Drizzle with teriyaki sauce and sprinkle with sesame seeds. Serve immediately.