Cut the crusts off the bread, then tear the bread into small bite-sized pieces.In a skillet over medium heat, melt the butter. Add the bread pieces and stir constantly until they are crispy and golden brown (Do not walk away from the pan; the bread can brown quickly). Once toasted, remove from heat and set aside.
Preheat oven to 350°F. Lightly spray a baking dish with cooking spray.Place the thin-sliced chicken breasts in an even layer in the prepared dish. If using thicker chicken breasts, butterfly them or pound them thin so they cook evenly.Season both sides of the chicken with salt and pepper.
Pour Caesar dressing over the chicken. Use a brush or spoon to spread it evenly over each piece.
Place provolone slices over the chicken, covering the surface evenly.Sprinkle the homemade croutons over the cheese.
Bake for 25–30 minutes, or until the chicken is cooked through, the edges are bubbly, and the crouton topping is golden brown.Start checking around 25 minutes to make sure the topping does not get too dark.The chicken should reach an internal temperature of 165°F.
Serve warm with a chopped romaine salad, purple cabbage, broccoli, celery, boiled eggs, and your favorite dressing.This chicken is also delicious served over rice because it bakes up creamy and saucy!