Cook pasta as directed on package. Drain pasta, reserving 1/4 cup of the water.
While pasta cooks, coarsely chop garlic and cut broccoli into small pieces.
Heat oil in a skillet over medium. Add garlic and cook for 1 minute. Add chopped broccoli and 1 cup of water. Cover and cook on medium-high heat for 6-7 minutes, allowing water to evaporate.
Add cooked pasta, reserved water, and freshly grated/shredded Parmesan cheese to skillet. Season with salt and pepper. Stir until heated through, approximately 1-2 minutes.